SAMOP 2021 – wissenschaftliches Programm

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Q: Fachverband Quantenoptik und Photonik

Q 9: Quantum Gases

Q 9.1: Hauptvortrag

Mittwoch, 22. September 2021, 10:45–11:15, H2

Critical dynamics and prethermalization in lattice gauge theories — •Jad Halimeh^1,2,3 and Philipp Hauke^1,2,3 — ¹Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany — ²Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany — ³Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy

Local gauge invariance is always violated to some extent in quantum simulation experiments. A rigorous understanding of gauge-invariance violation and how to protect against it are thus of paramount importance. We present analytic and numerical results showing that gauge-invariance violation in a quantum simulator resulting from inherent gauge-noninvariant processes grow only perturbatively at short times, before entering long-lived prethermal plateaus, and eventually settling at long times into an equal admixture of all gauge-invariant sectors of the system. An energy constraint penalizing terms driving the system away from the initial gauge-invariant sector suppresses the violation up to infinite times. In congruence with our numerical results that show that this suppression is independent of system size, we argue analytically why this suppression will hold even in the thermodynamic limit. Finally, we present experimental results for the quantum simulation of a U(1) quantum link model mapping on a single-species bosonic lattice, where we sweep through a quantum phase transition and certify the emergent gauge-invariant dynamics.