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BP: Fachverband Biologische Physik
BP 15: Tissue Mechanics II
BP 15.1: Vortrag
Mittwoch, 29. März 2023, 10:30–10:45, BAR Schö
Hydrostatic pressure and lateral actomyosin tension control stretch and tension of the basement membrane in epithelia — •Karla Yanin Guerra Santillan1,3, Elisabeth Fischer-Friedrich1,2, and Christian Dahmann1,3 — 1Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. — 2Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, Tatzberg, 01307 Dresden, Germany — 3School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
The shaping of epithelial tissues into functional organs often depends on asymmetries in mechanical tension present at the apical and basal sides of cells. Contraction of an actomyosin meshwork underlying the apical side of cells is known to generate apical tension. The basal side of cells is also associated with an actomyosin meshwork, but it is, in addition, connected to a specialized extracellular matrix, the basement membrane. However, how basal tension is generated, and the role of the basement membrane in this process, are often disregarded and not well understood. Here, using atomic force microscopy, we measure mechanical tension in the basal surface of the wing disc epithelium of Drosophila. We find that basal tension depends crucially on the basement membrane with additional contributions of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Further, performing localized optogenetic activation of actomyosin contractility and osmotic shocks, we deduce that elastic basement membrane stretch is generated by intracellular hydrostatic pressure and lateral actomyosin contractility.