Dresden 2026 – wissenschaftliches Programm

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BP: Fachverband Biologische Physik

BP 35: Focus Session: 75 Years Division Polymer Physics: From Curiosity to Smart Materials (joint session CPP/BP)

BP 35.1: Topical Talk

Donnerstag, 12. März 2026, 15:15–15:45, ZEU/LICH

The Loops of Life — Brian Chan and •Michael Rubinstein — Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

In mammalian cells, the cohesin protein complex is believed to regulate chromatin during interphase through active loop extrusion, in which dynamic loops are formed by cohesin translocating along chromatin. We developed a theoretical model that quantifies how key parameters, including cohesin residence time on chromatin, extrusion velocity, and the number density of chromatin-bound cohesins, regulate genomic contacts. The model describes chromatin contact probabilities and predicts that loop formation probability is a nonmonotonic function of loop length. Our theory demonstrates that active loop extrusion causes the apparent fractal dimension of chromatin to cross over between two and four at contour lengths on the order of 30 kilobase pairs. This work provides a theoretical basis for the compact organization of interphase chromatin, explaining the physical reason for the segregation of topologically associated domains and suppression of chromatin entanglements by up to a factor of 50, which contributes to efficient gene regulation by distal elements such as enhancers or silencers.

Keywords: chromatin; polymer physics; active matter; dynamics; extrusion