Berlin 2008 – wissenschaftliches Programm

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TT: Fachverband Tiefe Temperaturen

TT 1: Tutorial: Quantum Shot Noise

TT 1.1: Tutorium

Sonntag, 24. Februar 2008, 14:00–15:00, EW 201

Introduction to Quantum Shot Noise — •Tobias Brandes — Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hardenbergstr. 36, Sekr. E-W 7-1, 10623 Berlin

This tutorial introduces Quantum Shot Noise, starting from a historical perspective of photoelectron counting statistics in quantum optics where many original concepts were developed between the 1950s and the 1980s. I will therefore start with Mandel's semiclassical counting formula that promotes a simple (short time) Fermi-Golden rule calculation to a (long-time) probability distribution. The quest for a quantum version of that formula was characterised by the subtleties of theoretically describing sources, fields, and detectors in a consistent manner. It lead from rather complicated (ordered) operator expressions to the much simpler concept of counting quantum jumps directly `at the source' in a description with modified Master equations and counting variables. In hindsight, the underlying quantum jump (quantum trajectory) approach can be regarded as a `by-product' of counting statistics, or vice versa. In its modern version - geared towards ultrasmall, artificial structures like quantum dots - this formalism serves as a versatile tool to theoretically address various noise-related aspects of quantum transport.