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A: Fachverband Atomphysik

A 32: Interaction with VUV and X-ray Light I (joint session A/MO)

A 32.3: Vortrag

Donnerstag, 5. März 2026, 15:15–15:30, N 2

Single-shot sorting of Mössbauer time-domain data at X-ray free electron lasers — •Miriam Gerharz and Jörg Evers for the Fe-57 EuXFEL collaboration — Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany

Mössbauer spectroscopy is widely used to study structure and dynamics of matter with remarkably high energy resolution, provided by the narrow nuclear resonance line widths. However, the narrow width implies low count rates, such that experiments commonly average over extended measurement times or many x-ray pulses (``shots''). This averaging impedes the study of non-equilibrium phenomena. It has been suggested that X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) could enable Mössbauer single-shot measurements without averaging, and a proof-of-principle demonstration has been reported [1]. However, so far, only a tiny fraction of all shots resulted in signal-photon numbers which are sufficiently high for a single-shot analysis. In [2], we develop a sorting approach which allows us to include all data on a single-shot level, independent of the signal content of the individual shots. It utilizes the presence of different dynamics classes, i.e. different nuclear evolutions after each excitation. Each shot is assigned to one of the classes, which can then be analyzed separately. We envision that our approach opens up new grounds for Mössbauer science and beyond, enabling the study of out-of-equilibrium transient dynamics of the nuclei or their environment.

[1] Chumakov et al., Nature Phys 14, 261-264 (2018)

[2] Gerharz et al., arXiv:2509.15833

Keywords: Mössbauer; X-ray free-electron laser; single-shot; agglomerative clustering