Dresden 2020 – wissenschaftliches Programm
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DY: Fachverband Dynamik und Statistische Physik
DY 57: Poster: Statistical Physics; Critical Phenomena; Stochastic Thermodynamics; Extreme Events; Data Analytics
DY 57.16: Poster
Donnerstag, 19. März 2020, 15:00–18:00, P1C
Immune Repertoire Dynamics across the Human Lifespan — •Mario Udo Gaimann1,2, Jonathan Desponds3, and Andreas Mayer1 — 1Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University — 2Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, LMU Munich — 3NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University
Adaptive immunity relies on the dynamics of cells with specific receptors. The number of cells with the same receptor, the clone size, is known to be remarkably varied. However, the dynamical processes shaping this broad distribution remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a mathematical theory of T cell dynamics across the human lifespan compatible with statistical laws revealed by immune repertoire sequencing. We demonstrate that the frequency of large clones follows power-law scaling with a reproducible exponent across cohorts that is largely independent of age. We explain the early onset of scaling through a model for the establishment of the immune memory repertoire in infancy. We then derive predictions for how fast fluctuating selection allows later recruited clones to replace those founded early and compare them to experimental observations. We find a long-lived incumbency effect suggesting that ongoing selection only slowly reshapes the initial hierarchy of clone sizes. Together, our work provides a mechanism for how dynamical processes in infancy can have a large and long-lasting influence on the adaptive immune system with implications for pathogen defense and autoimmunity.